延边大学农学学报

明确地区外来入侵植物物种名录及分布有助于针对性地对该地区外来入侵物种进行精准防治及科学管控。该研究基于野外调查,结合文献报道、标本记录等资料,对河南省商城县外来入侵植物的科属分布状况、原产地概况和入侵等级等信息进行概述。通过对2023—2024年商城县野外外来入侵植物的调查,共发现16科、37属、55种外来入侵植物。其中,1级恶意入侵植物有小蓬草、一年蓬、鬼针草、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花等17种;2级严重入侵植物有野茼蒿、老鹳草、粗毛牛膝菊、北美独行菜、绿穗苋等11种;3级局部入侵植物有北美苍耳、通奶草、苘麻等7种;4级一般入侵植物有斑地锦、鳢肠等12种;5级有待观察类入侵植物有杯花菟丝子、腺龙葵、珊瑚樱等8种。在分布于商城县的外来入侵物种中,菊科和苋科物种占比最高。原产地来源于北美洲的外来入侵物种比例最高。在野外调查中,豚草等为商城县首次发现的重点管理外来入侵植物。商城县外来入侵植物科属分布多样、地理来源广泛,在生物多样性保护优先区及重要交通枢纽、河流、田野等地均有分布,如小蓬草、垂序商陆、一年蓬等分布范围最广,预计对本地农业生产及生态系统造成严重危害。同时,随着贸易频繁以及气候变化等因素,商城县新出现外来入侵植物也将增多,后期应重点关注。对于豚草和加拿大一枝黄花等恶意外来入侵物种,尽管现阶段在该区域内分布范围较为局限,但考虑到其扩散能力强等因素,应实施早预防、早防控等措施。

Having a clear list of alien invasive plant species and their distribution in a region can help target precise prevention, control, and scientific management of alien invasive species in that region.Based on field surveys, combined with literature reports, specimen records, this paper summarizes the distribution status of families and genera of alien invasive plants, general situation of origin, and grades of alien invasion in Shangcheng County, Henan Province.Through the investigation of alien invasive plants in Shangcheng County from 2023 to 2024, a total of 55 species belonging to 37 genera and 16 families were found.Specifically, there were 17 species classified as Level 1 invaders, including Phytolacca americana, Conyza canadensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Solidago canadensis.11 species classified as Level 2 invaders, including Crassocephalum crepidioides and Amaranthus hybridus.7 species classified as Level 3 invaders, including Xanthium strumarium and Euphorbia pilosa.12 species classified as Level 4 invaders, including Euphorbia maculata and Eclipta prostrata.8 species classified as Level 5(species to be observed), including Solanum nigrum and Cuscuta approximata.Among the alien invasive species distributed in Shangcheng County, Compositae and Amaranthaceae account for the highest proportion.The proportion of alien invasive species originating from North America is the highest.In the field survey, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and other key managed alien invasive plants were first discovered in Shangcheng County.The families and genera of alien invasive plants in Shangcheng County are diverse in distribution and widely geographically sourced.Meanwhile, they are also distributed in priority areas for biodiversity conservation and important transportation hubs, rivers, fields and other places, such as Erigeron canadensis, Phytolacca americana and Erigeron annuus, which are the most widely distributed and are expected to cause serious harm to local agricultural production and ecosystems.At the same time, with the frequent trade and climate change, the number of new alien invasive plants in Shangcheng County will also increase, and should be focused on in the later stage, especially for the Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Solidago canadensis and other nasty alien invasive species, although at this stage in the region within the scope of the distribution is relatively limited, taking into account its strong diffusion capacity, should be implemented early prevention and control measures.