延边大学农学学报

该研究以长白山人参主要产区——珲春市的参后地为研究对象,选取种植芸豆、向日葵、番茄、辣椒、茄子、马铃薯、西瓜、玉米8种不同作物以及休闲养地的土壤进行分析,通过测定土壤基础理化性质和重金属含量,探究适宜的参后地养地作物,为参后地土壤改良提供理论依据。相关性分析结果表明:参后地土壤基础理化性质中,土壤p_H值与速效磷含量呈极显著正相关;p_H值与硝态氮、铵态氮呈显著负相关;土壤酸碱度对重金属含量具有一定影响。其中,p H值与砷(As)含量呈极显著正相关。不同处理下,参后地土壤中锰(Mn)、钡(Ba)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、钒(V)等重金属含量相对较高;种植西瓜可显著降低这些重金属含量,而与休闲养地相比,种植马铃薯、茄子、辣椒的参后地中高含量重金属呈现上升趋势。研究结果表明:种植8种作物对土壤的改良效果均优于休闲养地;在8种作物中,向日葵对参后地土壤酸度的改良效果最佳;不同处理对参后地的改良效果依次为:向日葵>芸豆>茄子>马铃薯>辣椒>番茄>空地>西瓜>玉米。

This study focuses on the land after ginseng harvest in Hunchun City—a major ginseng production area of Changbai Mountain—and selects soils planted with eight different crops(kidney beans, sunflowers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes, watermelons, and corn) as well as fallow soil for comparative analysis.Through the determination and analysis of the basic physicochemical properties of the soil and the heavy metals in the soil, in order to explore the best cultivated land crops after ginseng, and provide a theoretical basis for soil improvement after ginseng.Through correlation analysis, it can be seen that there was a significant positive correlation between soil p H and soil available phosphorus content among the basic physicochemical properties of fallow land.There was a significant negative correlation between p H and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.Soil p H also had a certain effect on soil heavy metal content, and soil p H was significantly positively correlated with heavy metal As.The contents of heavy metals such as manganese(Mn), barium(Ba), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb) and vanadium(V) were higher in the ginseng field after different treatments.The planting of watermelon can significantly reduce their content.Compared with the fallow land, the high content of heavy metals in the ginseng field planted with potato, eggplant and pepper has a tendency to increase.The improvement effect of 8 kinds of crops on soil is better than that of fallow land.Among the 8 kinds of crops, the improvement effect of planting sunflower on soil acidity after ginseng is the best.The improvement effect of different land after ginseng harvest is as follows: sunflower > kidney bean > eggplant > potato > pepper > tomato > empty land > watermelon > corn.