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乳源生物活性肽是潜藏于乳蛋白序列中的天然功能片段,通常由2～20个氨基酸残基组成,经胃肠道消化、体外酶解或微生物发酵等途径释放,具有多种生理调节功能。该文系统综述了乳源生物活性肽的研究进展,重点论述了其分离纯化、结构鉴定、功能活性及作用机制。在制备与分离层面,酶解工艺是定向释放活性肽的基础,而超滤、纳滤及多维色谱联用技术则是从复杂水解物中实现高效纯化的关键。在结构鉴定方面,液相色谱-串联质谱已成为解析肽段一级结构的核心技术,结合分子对接等计算机模拟技术,能够深入阐释其构效关系。最后,该文总结了乳源生物活性肽的抗氧化、血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制、抗菌、免疫调节、阿片样及促进矿物质吸收等多种功能。尽管部分乳源活性肽已展现出商业化应用前景,但其研究仍面临体内生物利用度低等挑战。未来研究应致力于通过人工智能辅助理性设计、构建新型递送系统,以推动乳源生物活性肽在功能食品和精准营养领域的深度开发与高值化应用。
Abstract：Milk-derived bioactive peptides(MBPs) are natural functional fragments encrypted within the primary structures of milk proteins.Typically consisting of 2～20 amino acid residues, they are released through gastrointestinal digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro, or microbial fermentation, and exhibit a wide range of physiological regulatory functions.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the study of MBPs, with a focus on their isolation and purification, structural identification, functional activities, and underlying mechanisms.Regarding preparation and separation, enzymatic hydrolysis serves as the basis for the targeted release of bioactive peptides, while techniques such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and multidimensional chromatography are critical for achieving high-efficiency purification from complex hydrolysates.For structural identification, liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry has emerged as the core technology for deciphering the primary structures of peptides.When combined with computational simulations such as molecular docking, it enables an in-depth exploration of their structure-activity relationships.Research has demonstrated that MBPs possess diverse bioactivities, including antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, opioid-like, and mineralbinding properties.Although some MBPs have shown promising potential for commercial applications, several challenges remain, such as low bioavailability in vivo.Future research should focus on rational peptide design assisted by artificial intelligence, the development of novel delivery systems, and the implementation of rigorous clinical intervention studies to promote the deeper development and high-value application of MBPs in the fields of functional foods and precision nutrition.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13478/j.cnki.jasyu.2025.04.001
中图分类号:TS252.1
引用信息:
[1]李依璇,孙亚楠,赵昌成,等.乳源生物活性肽的分离鉴定技术、功能特性及作用机制研究进展[J].延边大学农学学报,2025,47(04):1-9.DOI:10.13478/j.cnki.jasyu.2025.04.001.