延边大学农学学报

由核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起的向日葵菌核病严重制约向日葵产业发展。该研究以吉林省向日葵菌核病为研究对象，开展病原菌分离鉴定、化学药剂筛选以及化学药剂与生物菌剂配伍联合防治试验。通过组织分离法获取病原菌株，结合形态学观察与分子生物学鉴定病原菌；采用菌丝生长速率法开展化学杀菌剂的室内毒力测定；采用平板对峙培养法评估枯草芽胞杆菌GB519菌剂的抑菌效果；并开展化学药剂与枯草芽胞杆菌GB519菌剂联用组合的田间防效试验。结果表明：以强致病力核盘菌菌株Ss2024TY2为供试菌株，从15种化学杀菌剂中筛选出表现显著抑菌活性的药剂氟唑菌酰胺。该药剂目前尚未在菌核病防治中登记，其EC₅₀值为0.088 2μg/mL，可作为向日葵菌核病防控候选药剂。利用枯草芽胞杆菌GB519菌剂防治菌核病，室内对峙试验抑菌率达78.46%，田间防效达66.09%，与常规药剂咪鲜胺防效相当，为向日葵菌核病绿色防控提供了新选择；化学药剂咯菌腈与生物菌剂枯草芽胞杆菌GB519联用的田间防效高达79.65%，与单用咯菌腈无显著差异，为向日葵菌核病绿色防控提供了新配方。

Sunflower sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum severely restricts the development of the sunflower industry. In this study, sunflower sclerotinia rot disease in Jilin Province was studied used as the research object. Pathogen isolation and identification, chemical fungicide screening, and combined control trials of chemical agents combined with biological agents were carried out. Pathogenic strains were obtained by tissue isolation, and the pathogens were identified via morphological observation and molecular biological information. The indoor toxicity of chemical fungicides was determined by the mycelial growth rate method. The antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis GB519 was evaluated by the plate confrontation culture method. Field efficacy trials were conducted using combinations of chemical fungicides and B. subtilis GB519 aqueous agent. Results: Using the highly virulent S. sclerotiorum strain Ss2024TY2 as the test strain, fluxapyroxad was screened out from 15 chemical fungicides for its significant inhibitory activity. This fungicide is not yet registered for the control of sclerotinia disease, with an EC50 value of 0.088 2 μg/mL, and can serve as a candidate agent for the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotinia disease.In the control of sclerotinia disease using B. subtilis GB519 inoculant, the in vitro dual-culture test showed an inhibition rate of 78.46%, and the field control efficacy reached 66.09%, which was comparable to that of the conventional fungicide prochloraz, providing a new option for the green control of sunflower sclerotinia disease.The combined application of the chemical fungicide fludioxonil and the biological inoculant B. subtilis GB519 achieved a field control efficacy of up to 79.65%, with no significant difference compared with fludioxonil applied alone, offering a new formulation for the green management of sunflower sclerotinia disease.